This is certainly an easy board to use for this project.
They pretty much already labeled everything for you but I tried to make it even more clear. See most commonly buttons go to ground meaning that one side of the button is the "signal" and the other side is "ground" so when you close the button the signal is pulled down to ground. This is how the d-pad and select start buttons work.
The directions are labeled UDLR: up, down, left, right in the bottom left. The select and start are clearly labeled as well.
Due to the turbo functions of A and B they don't "go to ground" like the other buttons. Your arcade buttons will simply have to go across the same signal traces as the originals did. That's why I gave you two taps in the image, where the second tap for the udlr sel srt is implied to be ground.
I don't know how to make the switches and pots any more clear than what's already on the board. The easiest way is to just desolder the original button/pot and wire your new ones up to the same spot. You could leave the originals in though and just tap off the same connection. At least when you tested and something didn't work you could reach in and try the original button and verify if the issue is with the board or your buttons.